Mối liên hệ ẩn giấu giữa rượu và ung thư trực tràng: Những điều bạn cần biết

 Một nghiên cứu gần đây trên 137.710 người tham gia trong ba thập kỷ cho thấy ngay cả việc tiêu thụ rượu ở mức nhẹ đến trung bình cũng có liên quan đến việc tăng nguy cơ ung thư trực tràng (CRC), đặc biệt là ở nam giới.

findings suggest that:

Tổng lượng rượu tiêu thụ quan trọng hơn tần suất uống hoặc loại đồ uống. HR (95% CI) đối với nhóm tuổi từ 5-14,9 và 15-29,9 so với nhóm tuổi uống 0 g/ngày là 1,19 (1,01 đến 1,41) và 1,38 (1,13 đến 1,67). ✅ Nguy cơ vẫn tồn tại trong nhiều năm—ngay cả những người từng uống rượu cũng không thấy nguy cơ mắc CRC giảm đáng kể sau 10 năm cai thuốc ✅ Khoảng cách thời gian giữa lượng rượu tiêu thụ và tỷ lệ mắc CRC ước tính là 8-12 năm, làm nổi bật tác động lâu dài của thói quen uống rượu

https://academic.oup.com/jnci/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jnci/djae330/7926885?login=false

he findings suggest that:

Total alcohol intake matters more than drinking frequency or beverage type. HR (95% CI) for 5-14.9 and 15-29.9 vs 0 g/day of alcohol intake was 1.19 (1.01 to 1.41) and 1.38 (1.13 to 1.67).

Risk persists for years—even former drinkers didn’t see a significant reduction in CRC risk after 10 years of quitting

The time lag between alcohol consumption and CRC occurrence is estimated at 8-12 years, highlighting the long-term impact of drinking habits

Abstract

Background

Association between light to moderate alcohol consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence remains understudied, especially regarding drinking pattern, beverage type, and temporal aspects.

Methods

Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for time to CRC diagnosis were estimated among 137 710 participants. Estimates based on remote (eg, >10 years before follow-up) and recent (eg, the preceding 10 years before follow-up) alcohol intake, using different cutoffs (eg, 8, 10, 12 years) and mutual adjustment, enabled separating independent effects and investigating time lag of alcohol–CRC association.

Results

In total, 3599 CRC cases were documented over 3 decades. Light to moderate drinking was associated with an increased CRC risk only in men: HR (95% CI) for 5-14.9 and 15-29.9 vs 0 g/day of alcohol intake was 1.19 (1.01 to 1.41) and 1.38 (1.13 to 1.67). In women, that for 0.1-4.9 and 5-14.9 vs 0 g/day of alcohol was 1.07 (0.96 to 1.20) and 1.05 (0.91 to 1.20). Drinkers with both high drinking frequency and daily intake had the highest CRC risk, suggesting total alcohol intake was the critical factor. We estimated the time lag between alcohol consumption and CRC occurrence to be 8 to 12 years. Former drinkers did not experience a significant reduction in CRC risk even after 10 years of quitting or reducing consumption.

Conclusions

Based on 2 cohorts of health professionals, our findings suggest that the increased risk of CRC associated with alcohol intake is driven mainly by total quantity and remote intake. Former drinkers did not experience an immediate reduction in CRC risk after quitting or reducing consumption.

Acute Otitis Media: Still Common, Still Complex

 Acute Otitis Media: Still Common, Still Complex

Acute otitis media (AOM) remains one of the most frequently diagnosed infections in children under 2, despite declines in incidence due to pneumococcal vaccination and stricter diagnostic criteria.

By age 2:

- 41% of children will have had ≥1 episode

- 13% will have had ≥3 episodes

Key risk factors?

Exposure to large numbers of other children, shorter breastfeeding duration, male sex, second-hand tobacco smoke, and immunologic vulnerabilities.

It’s a bacterial complication of viral URI — usually within 4 days — caused mainly by:

- Haemophilus influenzae (34%)

- Streptococcus pneumoniae (24%)

- Moraxella catarrhalis (15%)

Bulging tympanic membrane is diagnostic.

Otoscopic criteria now dominate diagnosis, especially as fussiness, fever, or ear-tugging lack specificity.

Antibiotics? Not always.

- High-dose amoxicillin remains first-line

- Amoxicillin-clavulanate if risk for H. influenzae (recent antibiotics, conjunctivitis–otitis syndrome, or TM rupture)

- Treatment with antibiotics for 10 days resulted in less treatment failure and less use of rescue antibiotics than treatment for 5 days

- Observation appropriate for mild/moderate cases

Tubes or antibiotics for recurrent AOM?

A large trial showed no difference in AOM episodes over 2 years — challenging long-held assumptions about tympanostomy tubes.

Complications are rare (e.g., mastoiditis: 2–4 per 10,000), and antibiotic side effects + long-term risks (e.g., allergy, obesity) must be weighed carefully.

In short:

Less overdiagnosis. Better criteria. Smarter treatment.

Still a long way to go in optimizing care for this very common pediatric illness.

Nếu bạn không nghĩ trà xanh là siêu thực phẩm, hãy nghĩ lại!

 Theo một nghiên cứu quan sát ở Châu Âu, những người tiêu thụ trà hàng ngày có nguy cơ  thấp hơn đáng kinh ngạc là 58% bị khối u ác tính (ung thư). Trà là một trong những nguồn chất chống oxy hóa và flavonoid mạnh mẽ nhất của chúng ta. Nhưng một nghiên cứu mới giúp xác nhận cách thức hoạt động của nó. Theaflavin—một flavonoid gần như chỉ có trong trà đen và trà xanh—đã tiêu diệt tới 80% tế bào ung thư hắc tố trong ống nghiệm trong 72 giờ (dựa trên khả năng sống). Ấn tượng hơn là ở động vật thí nghiệm, theaflavin cũng ức chế sự phát triển của khối u tới 46%. 

Sources: Pubmed ID 32982737, 18621803

Ngoài ra Nghiên cứu mới được công bố 2025 trên tạp chí npj Science of FoodTrusted Source phát hiện ra rằng việc người lớn tuổi thường xuyên tiêu thụ trà xanh có liên quan đến việc ít bị tổn thương chất trắng não hơn, cho thấy trà xanh có thể giúp ngăn ngừa chứng mất trí.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-024-00364-w

Abstract

This study investigated the association between green tea or coffee consumption with cerebral white matter lesions and hippocampal and total brain volumes among 8766 community-dwelling participants recruited from the Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia between 2016 and 2018. A Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess green tea and coffee consumption, whereas brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess cerebral white matter lesions, hippocampal volume, and total brain volume. Multivariable-adjusted analysis revealed significant correlations between fewer cerebral white matter lesions and higher green tea consumption, whereas no significant differences were found between green tea consumption and hippocampal or total brain volume. Regarding coffee consumption, no significant differences were observed in cerebral white matter lesions or hippocampal or total brain volumes. Hence, higher green tea consumption was associated with fewer cerebral white matter lesions, suggesting that it may be useful in preventing dementia.

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